Iseva ye-Samba ku-Ubuntu 24.04: Ukufakwa nokucushwa kokuqala
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusuka kukhompyutha yasekhaya noma ihhovisi elincane ukuya kuseva enkampanini ephakathi nendawo noma enkulu, enye ye izinsiza eziyisisekelo nezibalulekile kakhulu ukuthi noma ubani angafuna noma awadinge, ngaphandle kokungabaza, amandla yabelana ngamafayela ngaphakathi. Njengoba, kungeyona into ehlale ilungile nephephe kakhulu ukusebenzisa inethiwekhi ye-inthanethi (amasevisi e-imeyili, izinkundla zokulondoloza ku-inthanethi noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zemiyalezo esheshayo) ukuze uthumele noma yiluphi uhlobo lwemibhalo kwabanye.
Futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu, esikhathini esidlule siye sabelana ngezifundo eziwusizo neziphelele noma iziqondiso ezincane ezisheshayo zokuxazulula lesi sifiso esibalulekile noma isidingo esibalulekile ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Kodwa, kusukela, lapho kufika gcina futhi wabelane ngamafayela ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi, ukusetshenziswa kwe-Samba protocol kwaziwa kakhulu, esebenzayo futhi esetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke, kokubili ku-Windows, macOS kanye ne-Linux, namuhla sizothatha ithuba lokubuyekeza umhlahlandlela wethu wangaphambilini osheshayo mayelana nalokhu ngokusekelwe ku-Ubuntu 14.10. Ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kokuqhubeka kwesikhathi, ngezansi sizokufundisa ngokuqondile nangokulula mayelana «uyisebenzisa kanjani i-Samba Server elula ku-Ubuntu 24.04».
Kepha, ngaphambi kokuqala lo mhlahlandlela omusha osheshayo «uyisebenzisa kanjani i-Samba Server elula ku-Ubuntu 24.04», sincoma ukuthi uhlole i okuthunyelwe kwangaphambilini okuhlobene ngalesi sihloko, ekupheleni kokusifunda:
I-Samba iwukuqaliswa kwezinsizakalo nezimiso ezihambisana ne-SMB (manje ezibizwa ngokuthi i-CIFS) amakhompyutha e-Windows axhumana ngayo: Yathuthukiswa ngu-Andrew Tridgell ngobunjiniyela obuhlanekezelwe, kusetshenziswa i-Wireshark (eyayaziwa ngokuthi i-Ethereal) izimbangi zomgwaqo ukuze zinikeze ukuhambisana *nix izindawo, into ebidingeka ukuze ingahlukaniswa ezindaweni zebhizinisi nezemfundo lapho izinkundla ezimbalwa zivame ukuba khona (iWindows, Linux, Mac OS X).
Iseva ye-Samba ku-Ubuntu 24.04: Ukufakwa nokucushwa kokuqala
Ukucatshangelwa okuyisisekelo nokubalulekile
Njengoba lokhu kuwumhlahlandlela osheshayo, ngeke singene sijule ezicini ezibalulekile okufanele zaziwe futhi zaziwe kusenesikhathi. Ngokwesibonelo: Liyini ifayela le-fstab futhi lisetshenziswa kanjani ukufaka ngokuzenzakalelayo ama-partitions noma amadiski ku-Ubuntu Linux?, futhi Yiziphi izinketho zemiyalo ye-Samba futhi ngenzani? Ngakho-ke, ngezansi sikushiyela izixhumanisi ezifanele ukuze uzicabangele ukuze ugcwalise kahle lolu lwazi:
- I-Samba Documentation (Iwebhusayithi Esemthethweni)
- Lungiselela i-Samba njengeseva yefayela ku-Ubuntu
- Imanuwali (Usizo) ku-Fstab ku-Ubuntu
- Ibhukwana lefayela le-Fstab ku-Wiki Arch
- Imanuwali (Usizo) kumyalo we-Mount ku-Ubuntu
- Imanuwali (Usizo) kufayela le-Samba smb.conf ku-Ubuntu
- I-Debian Administrator's Manual ku-Samba Server
Izinyathelo zokuqalisa i-Samba Server elula ku-Ubuntu 24.04
Isigaba 1: Ukufaka amaphakheji
Kukhompyutha yedeskithophu noma iseva yenethiwekhi eno-Ubuntu 24.04, into yokuqala okufanele siyenze ukufaka i-Samba ngomyalo olandelayo:
sudo apt install samba samba-client -y # Paquetes de samba esenciales
smbd -V # Validar versión de Samba instalada
sudo apt install cifs-utils dosfstools exfat-fuse exfatprogs fuse3 libsmbclient ntfs-3g smbclient #Paquetes extras útiles y necesariosIsiteji sesi-2: Lungiselela ifolda yesistimu ezosetshenziswa njengefolda yomphakathi
sudo mkdir /opt/publico #Crear carpeta “público” en la carpeta “/opt” del sistema operativo.
sudo chmod -R 777 /opt/publico/ #Dar permisos totales a carpeta “público”.
sudo chown nobody:nogroup -R /opt/publico/ #Asignar carpeta “público” a usuario y grupo genérico.Isinyathelo sesi-3: Lungiselela idiski/ingxenye efomethiwe ye-NTFS (sdb1) ezosetshenziswa njengefolda yomphakathi
sudo mkdir /media/disk2 #Crear carpeta “media” en la carpeta “/media” del sistema operativo.
sudo mount -t ntfs /dev/sdb1 /media/disk2 #Probar montaje de partición/disco “sdb1” en la carpeta asignada.
sudo umount /dev/sdb1 #Desmontar partición/disco “sdb1”Uma konke kuhambe kahle, siqhubeka nezinyathelo ezilandelayo:
sudo nano /etc/fstab #Editar archivo fstabSifaka umugqa olandelayo ekugcineni kwefayela:
/dev/sdb1 /media/disk2 ntfs-3g defaults 0 0 #Montaje automático de la partición/disco “sdb1” en el arranque.
Silondoloza izinguquko futhi sisebenzise umyalo olandelayo ukuze sihlole ukukhweza futhi:
sudo mount -a #Ejecutar montaje manual de todas las particiones/discos dentro del archivo “fstab”.
Uma konke kuhamba kahle kuze kube manje, kunconywa ukuthi uqale kabusha ikhompuyutha/iseva bese uzama ukukhweza okuzenzakalelayo, endaweni nangenethiwekhi, ngemuva kokuthi uhlelo lokusebenza lweseva lusebenza.
Isinyathelo sesi-4: Setha ifayela le-samba elincane elinakho kokubili ukwabelana
sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf.1.bck #Respaldar el archivo de configuración de samba.
sudo nano /etc/samba/smb.conf #Editar el archivo de configuración actual de samba.Sithulula ifayela ngokuphelele futhi sengeza okuqukethwe okulandelayo:
#======================= Global Settings =======================
[global]
workgroup = WORKGROUP
security = user
netbios name = SAMBA-PUBLICO
server string = Samba 4.x
hosts allow = 192.168.250.0/255.255.255.0
log level = 3
map to guest = bad user
[PublicoServ]
comment = Data compartida sobre Disco principal del Servidor
path = /opt/publico/
browsable = yes
writable = yes
guest ok = yes
guest only = yes
force create mode = 0777
force directory mode = 0777
read only = no
force group = nogroup
force user = nobody
[PublicoDisk]
comment = Data compartida sobre Disco adicional del Servidor
path = /media/disk2/
browsable = yes
writable = yes
guest ok = yes
guest only = yes
force create mode = 0777
force directory mode = 0777
read only = no
force group = nogroup
force user = nobodyIsinyathelo sesi-5: Hlola Ukucushwa Kokwabelana Nokutholakala
sudo testparm #Probar configuración exitosa del archivo de Samba.
sudo systemctl restart smbd nmbd #Reiniciar los Servicios de Samba y NetBIOS.Ngemuva kwalokhu, futhi uma noma yiliphi iphutha elitholakele selixazululiwe ngaphambilini, okusele nje ukuzama ikhompyutha eyodwa noma ngaphezulu kunethiwekhi, eneWindows ne-GNU/Linux, ukuze ukwazi ukufinyelela izinsiza ezabiwe ngokungaziwa (izivakashi), okungukuthi. , , ngaphandle kwamaphasiwedi kanye nemikhawulo yokufunda nokubhala.
Izithombe-skrini zezinye izingxenye zenqubo ephelele yokufaka nokumisa
Isifingqo
Kafushane, futhi njengoba singabona ngalo mhlahlandlela omfushane futhi owusizo, ukufaka nokumisa elula «Samba Server ku-Ubuntu 24.04» Kungenzeka ngamathiphu ambalwa kanye nezinyathelo ezisheshayo ukusuka kutheminali yesistimu yakho yokusebenza. Futhi njengoba, kulesi senzakalo, Silungiselela kuphela ifolda yomphakathi (ayikho imikhawulo yanoma yimuphi umsebenzisi kunethiwekhi), maduzane sithemba ukukunikeza ingxenye yesibili ngokucushwa kwamafolda abasebenzisi noma amaqembu abasebenzisi achazwe ngaphambilini ngegama eliyimfihlo. Futhi uma kwenzeka wazi amanye amathiphu awusizo noma iseluleko sokuthuthukisa noma ukuhambisana nalo mhlahlandlela osheshayo, sikumema ukuthi usitshele ngawo ngokubeka amazwana ngolwazi nokusebenziseka kwawo wonke umuntu.
Okokugcina, khumbula ukwabelana nabanye ngalokhu okuthunyelwe okujabulisayo nokuthakazelisayo vakashela ekuqaleni kwethu «iwebhusayithi» nge-español. Noma, nganoma yiluphi olunye ulimi (ngokwengeza nje izinhlamvu ezi-2 ekupheleni kwe-URL yethu yamanje, isibonelo: ar, de, en, fr, ja, pt kanye no-ru, phakathi kwezinye eziningi) ukuze ufunde okuqukethwe kwamanje okwengeziwe. Ukwengeza, sikumema ukuthi ujoyine yethu Isiteshi socingo esisemthethweni ukufunda nokwabelana ngezindaba eziningi, imihlahlandlela kanye nezifundo ezivela kuwebhusayithi yethu. Futhi, okulandelayo Esinye isiteshi seTelegram ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana ne-Linuxverse ngokuvamile.