Esinye sezici eziphawuleka kakhulu ze-Ubuntu kanye ne-GNU/Linux ngokujwayelekile izinhlobonhlobo zokusabalalisa esinakho esinakho. Eqinisweni, eziningi zazo zisekelwe kwenye i-distro ethandwa kakhulu, njengoba kunjalo ngo-Ubuntu nabantu obajwayele. ukunambitheka okusemthethweni.
Kukhona izinhlobonhlobo zokusabalalisa okusekelwe ku-Ubuntu okuyinto, njengoba sesishilo, ebizwa ngokuthi ukunambitheka okusemthethweni. Ukusuka kuma-distros anamadeskithophu enziwe ngokwezifiso kakhulu, njenge-Kubuntu, kuya ku-distros okuhloswe ngayo ukusebenzisa izinsiza ezimbalwa nokusebenza kancane ku-PC yethu, njengoba kwenzeka ku-Lubuntu. Kwa-Ubunlog sifuna ukubuyekeza zonke izinhlobo ze-Ubuntu ezisemthethweni futhi sichaze ukuthi singazithola kanjani.
Njengoba ubona, izici zokunambitheka ngakunye ziyahlukahluka kuye ngezici zomshini nomsebenzisi ozosebenzisa ukusatshalaliswa okushiwo. Kuzo zonke izibuyekezo ezincane esizozenza kwi-distro ngayinye, sizokhuluma ngokuthi singazilanda kanjani futhi kuphi izithombe ze-ISO zomunye nomunye.
Ngakho-ke uma ungazi ukuthi ungashisa kanjani isithombe kudivayisi yesitoreji, ungabheka lokhu kungena lokho esikubhale emasontweni ambalwa edlule lapho besichaza khona ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani ku-Ubuntu. Saqala.
Okokuqala, kufanele sikhulume kancane ngo-Ubuntu. Empeleni, Ubuntu yisisekelo, kodwa futhi bunikeza igama layo ku-flavour eyinhloko, okwamanje enendawo yesithombe ye-GNOME. Ingatholakala kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni, noma ngokuchofoza lapha.
Kubuntu
Nakuba Ubuntu obune-GNOME bungenye ye-distros eyaziwa kakhulu futhi eyenziwe ngokwezifiso, i-Kubuntu, i-flavour esebenzisa i-KDE Plasma njengendawo yayo yesithombe, ayikude kakhulu. Lokhu kusatshalaliswa kubuye kube nomklamo omuhle kakhulu futhi kubuye kube ngokwezifiso ngendlela emangalisayo.
Uma ufuna ukufaka le flavour esemthethweni kwi-PC yakho ungalanda isithombe sayo se-ISO kusuka ku- lapha. Noma uma usuvele unabo Ubuntu obufakiwe, ungafaka i-Kubuntu ngokusebenzisa umyalo olandelayo:
sudo apt install kubuntu-desktop
Futhi, uma ufuna ukususa amaphakheji we-Ubuntu angadingeki, ungakwenza lokho ngokusebenzisa:
sudo apt-get purge ubuntu-default-settings sudo apt-get purge ubuntu-desktop sudo apt-get autoremove
Lubuntu
Uma i-PC yakho isindala noma ingenazo izici ezinhle kakhulu, i-Lubuntu iyisixazululo sakho. Lokhu kunambitheka okusemthethweni kuthambekele ekubeni nokusebenza okulula kakhulu futhi kudla izinsiza ezimbalwa kakhulu. Konke sibonga izinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhanyayo ezisebenzisayo kanye nedeskithophu yayo ye-LXQt.
Lokhu kunambitheka okusemthethweni kuyakwazi ukusebenza kahle emishinini engaphansi kuka-4GB we-RAM. Ngakho-ke uma udinga isistimu yokusebenza elula ye-PC yakho engenazo izinsiza eziningi, noma ufuna nje ukuzama idizayini encane yalokhu kunambitheka okusemthethweni, ungalanda i-Lubuntu. lapha.
Uma usuvele unanoma yikuphi ukunambitheka okusemthethweni kwe-Ubuntu, ungafaka iLubuntu ngqo kusuka ku-terminal ngokufaka iphakheji yeLubuntu ehambisanayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa umyalo olandelayo:
sudo apt install lubuntu-desktop
Xubuntu
I-Xubuntu iyinambitheka esemthethweni ye-Ubuntu isebenzisa i-Xfce njengendawo yayo yedeskithophu, okuthi, njenge-LXQt, iyindawo engasindi kakhulu. I-Xubuntu iyi-distro kanokusho, kulula ukuyisebenzisa futhi eyenziwe ngokwezifiso kakhulu. Ukusabalalisa okuphelele kwalabo abafuna ukuthola okuningi kumadeskithophu abo nge- bheka yesimanje futhi inezimpawu ezidingekayo ukuze kube nokusebenza okuhle impela.
Ukuthola i-Xubuntu, ungakwenza kusuka ku- lesi sixhumanisi, lapho ungakhetha khona ukuthi uluhlobo luni lomshini ofuna ukulanda le flavour esemthethweni.
Uma usuvele unabo Ubuntu ku-PC yakho, ungakwazi ukufaka i-Xubuntu ngephakheji elihambisanayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa umyalo olandelayo:
sudo apt install xubuntu-desktop
Ubuntu MATE
Enye yezindawo ezihlala zinikeza ukukhuluma (ngendlela enhle) i-MATE. Uma ukhetha ukusebenzisa ideskithophu ye-Ubuntu yasekuqaleni, le eyayiyisebenzisa ezinsukwini zayo zakuqala, khona-ke lokhu ukunambitheka kwakho okusemthethweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izidingo ze-hardware azidingi kakhulu, kodwa kunalokho zithobekile, into engafanele isimangaze uma sicabangela ukuthi ukuklama kwayo kufana nalokho okwasetshenziswa Ubuntu ngo-2004. Nakuba kufanele uthembeke eqinisweni futhi ungakuvumeli lapho, kodwa kunalokho chaza ukuthi i-MATE ilandela inkambiso yaleyo desktop, kodwa iyaqhubeka nokungeza ukukhishwa okusha ngemva kokukhululwa.
Uma ufuna ukufaka le flavour esemthethweni, ungayilanda kusuka ku- ikhasi elisemthethweni. Njengenjwayelo, ungaphinda uyifake ku-Ubuntu uma usunayo ngokuvele uthayiphe lo myalo:
sudo apt install ubuntu-mate-desktop
Ubuntu Studio
Uma uzinikezela kunoma iyiphi insimu ehlobene nokwenziwa kwemultimedia noma ukuhlela, kungaba ngumculo, isithombe, ividiyo, ukwakheka kwezithombe ... Le yiphunga elisemthethweni le-Ubuntu elikulungele. Le distro ithwala izinhlelo zokusebenza zamahhala zemultimedia ezifakwe kusengaphambili eziqondiswe ngqo ekuhlelweni nasekwakhiweni kokuqukethwe kwe-multimedia. Enye yezinhloso zalokhu kunambitheka ukusondeza umhlaba we-GNU / Linux kubo bonke abazinikele emkhakheni wemultimedia. Ihlose nokuba kube lula ukufaka nokusebenzisa ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kufinyeleleke ngempela kunoma ngubani.
Ungalanda isithombe se-ISO sale flavour esemthethweni kusuka ku- lapha, noma uyifake phezu kobuntu obukhona ngale miyalo:
sudo apt install tasksel sudo tasksel install ubuntustudio-desktop
Ubuntu Budgie
Ngithanda ukuchaza ideskithophu yeBudgie njengohlobo lwe-GNOME kulabo abafuna okuthile okucwengisiswe kakhulu. Akunjalo ncamashi, kodwa yabelana ngezingxenye nedeskithophu esetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni we-Linux, futhi yonke into ibonakala iklanywe kangcono. Ingenye yezinketho ezinhle kakhulu zalabo abafuna i-GNOME ngaphandle kokuba i-GNOME, noma bashiye i-GNOME ngaphandle kokushiya i-GNOME...
Ingalandwa kusuka lapha, noma uyifake phezu kobuntu obukhona ngalo myalo:
sudo apt install ubuntu-budgie-desktop
Ubunye Ubunye
ICanonical ikhiphe Ubuntu 10.10 futhi yethula ngayo Unity, ideskithophu entsha ebihlose ukuyisebenzisa kuzo zombili izinhlelo zedeskithophu neselula. I-Convergence, wayibiza, kodwa ngemva kweminyaka wayishiya ukuze abuyele ku-GNOME, kulokhu ngenguqulo yesi-3. Kamuva, umthuthukisi osemusha walalela abasebenzisi abancamela le khompuyutha futhi waqala ukusebenza ku-Ubuntu Unity, kwaze kwaba ngo-2022 kwaba ukunambitheka okusemthethweni futhi.
I-Ubuntu Unity iyiphunga elihloselwe labo abaphuthelwe yile desktop, futhi iqhubekile nokuvela ezandleni zika-Rudra Saraswat. ingalandwa kusuka lesi sixhumanisi, noma uyifake ku-Ubuntu ekhona ngalo myalo:
sudo apt install ubuntu-unity-desktop
Ubuntu Kylin
Lokhu kusatshalaliswa, okungenani kimi, kuyinto ehlukile. Futhi ukuthi Ubuntu Kylin kuhloselwe ukusetshenziswa kuphela eChina kanye nokwanelisa izidingo ezingaba nezakhamizi zaleli zwe. Uma usifundela kusuka eChina futhi ungakwazi ukulinda ukufaka le flavour esemthethweni, ungayilanda lapha.
Ingafakwa futhi phezu kwe-Ubuntu ekhona ngalo myalo:
sudo apt install ubuntukylin-desktop
Umshini Wesikhathi: Ukunambitheka kwe-Ubuntu okungasatholakali
Njengoba nje ama-flavour amasha efika, ngezinye izikhathi kuyadingeka ukuyeka abanye. Isibonelo, kwakungekho phuzu lokunamathela ku-Ubuntu GNOME uma inguqulo enkulu izosebenzisa ideskithophu efanayo. Kulezo zimo, iCanonical, noma iphrojekthi eqhuba i-distro, ingase inqume ukuphetha nge-flavour, futhi lezi yizo ezigcine ngokunyamalala emlandweni wobuntu. Okulandelayo yilokho okushiwo umbhalo odlule, ukubheka emuva esikhathini.
Umhukhuni
Imfundo yesayensi yamakhompyutha nayo iqala esikoleni. Ngakho-ke, kukhona ukunambitheka okusemthethweni okusetshenziselwe ukusetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ezikoleni. Esinye sezakhiwo zalokhu kusatshalaliswa, okususelwa ngokuphelele kumqondo we-Free Software, ukuthi ulwazi nokufunda kufanele kuhlale kutholakala kuwo wonke umuntu ofuna ukukhula njengomuntu futhi athuthukise umhlaba obazungezile.
Ukufaka i-Edubuntu kuma-PC ethu singakwenza ngezindlela ezimbili. Uma sifuna ukufaka i-Edubuntu emshinini osuvele ufake i-Ubuntu, vele ufake enye yalezi phakheji kusuka ku-Synaptic Package Manager noma ngqo kusuka ku-terminal ngokwenza umyalo:
sudo apt-get install nombre_del_paquete
Iphakethe okufanele silifakele lincike enkambweni ezosetshenziswa ngu-Edubuntu. Uhlu lwephakeji lumi kanje:
- ubuntu-edu-zasenkulisa ye-Nursery School.
- ubuntu-edu-amabanga aphansi ePrimary.
- ubuntu-edu-kwesibili kwesekondari.
- ubuntu-edu-imfundo ephakeme yeNyuvesi.
Uma singenabo Ubuntu obufakwe emshinini wethu, singalanda isithombe se-distro kusuka ku- lapha, kuya ngokwakhiwa kwe-PC yethu.
Ubuntu GNOME
Le distro mhlawumbe ingenye yama-flavour asemthethweni asetshenziswa kakhulu futhi aziwa kakhulu. Njengoba igama layo liphakamisa, le distro isebenzisa i-GNOME njengendawo yayo yedeskithophu. Uma ufuna ukubona ukuthi le distro ibukeka kanjani kwi-PC, ku-Ubunlog sinikezela ukungena kule distro nokuhlangenwe nakho kwami siqu nayo. Le distro ivelela amandla ayo amakhulu wokwenza ngokwezifiso kanye nesitayela sayo esiya ngokuya sincane futhi sihle.
Ukulanda isithombe singakwenza kusuka ku- iwebhusayithi yayo esemthethweni. Uma usuvele unayo enye ukunambitheka kwe-Ubuntu efakwe kwi-PC yakho, ungafaka Ubuntu GNOME ngokusebenzisa umyalo olandelayo:
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-gnome-desktop
I-Ubuntu Netbook Edition
Nakuba i-Ubuntu pre-10.10 ingakaze ibe nzima, iCanonical ikholelwa ukuthi amakhompyutha amancane, i-10″, ane-hardware elungile kakhulu, ngakho-ke iklame inguqulo ekhethekile yalolu hlobo lwekhompiyutha encane. Leyo nguqulo esemthethweni noma ukunambitheka i-Ubuntu Netbook Edition, futhi ngokuyisisekelo iyafana neyokuqala, kodwa ihloselwe ukusetshenziswa ezikrinini ezincane namakhompyutha anezingxenyekazi zekhompyutha ezilinganiselwe. Ulwazi olwengeziwe ku lesi sixhumanisi.
Inganekwane
Lokhu kunambitheka okusemthethweni kuhloselwe ukusungula uhlelo olusekelwe ku-MythTV, isiqophi samahhala sevidiyo yedijithali ngaphansi kwelayisensi ye-GNU GPL. I-Mythbuntu yakhelwe ukuhlanganisa ngokunembile nenethiwekhi ekhona ye-MythTV. Futhi, njengoba besitshela kusayithi labo elisemthethweni, i-architecture ye-Mythbuntu ivumela ukuguqulwa okulula ukusuka ku-Ubuntu desktop evamile kuya ku-Mythbuntu futhi ngokuphambene nalokho. Ukuze uyifake ungafinyelela lokhu isixhumanisi. Uma usuvele ufake Ubuntu kwi-PC yakho, ungasesha ngqo i-Mythbuntu ku-Ubuntu Software Manager bese uqhubeka nokufaka.
Futhi lokhu kube isibuyekezo sethu, samanje nesidlule, se-flavour esemthethweni ye-Ubuntu. Sithemba ukuthi lo mhlahlandlela ube wusizo kuwe.
Kimi i-Mate yideskithophu ehamba phambili
I-Plasma 5 ayenzi ngezifiso njengokwandulelayo i-KDE4, ama-desktops awakwazi ukubonakala ngokuzimela ngakho-ke ayizindawo zokusebenza ezilula (njengamanye ama-DE), ayinayo ama-plasmoid amaningi (amawijethi), ishayisa ukwakheka kwezithombe uma ungafaki isoftware ephathelene. Umzamo wokugcina wokufaka - obekuyiviki eledlule - wehlulekile ngoba isithonjana sokwenza i-wifi isebenze ngenqubo ne-pc yami exhunywe kunethiwekhi ayisebenzi.
Kulabo "imininingwane emincane" ngisebenzisa i-LinuxMint nge-KDE4 futhi ngizoqhubeka nokuyisebenzisa inqobo ngangokunokwenzeka; lapho-ke lapho i-KDE4 iyeka ukuba khona kuwo wonke ama-distros, ngizocabanga ngeCinnamon, Mate, noma i-Unity.